APP and Alzheimer disease: Previous studies have shown that ginkgolides can enhance the expression of IκBα protein and reduce the expression of NF-κB p65 and Bax by inhibiting NF-κB to reduce the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in the AD model of APP/PS1 transfected HEK293 cell line (APP/PS1-HEK293) [216].