The overexpression of Nrf2 due to Nrf2 machinery mutations (e.g., somatic mutations in Keap1, Nrf2, or Cul3; epigenetic DNA methylation of Keap1; etc.)or Nrf2/Keap1 post-translational modifications, promote cancer development and resistance [30,31,32,33]. The gene discussed is KEAP1; the disease is cancer.