Operated VHD patients with AF had a significantly higher INR target range and lower mean TTR and PINRR [mean TTR 55.7 (14.2) vs. 60.1 (14.6); p = 0.002 respectively; mean PINRR 47.4 (13.5) vs. 51.6 (13.7); p = 0.002 respectively] (Table 2 and Figure 2a), lower proportions with optimal anticoagulation control (TTR ≥ 70%) (14.0% vs. 25.7%; p = 0.004) (Figure 2a) and higher proportions with sub-therapeutic INRs (28.4% vs. 23.4%; p < 0.001) (Figure 2b) despite a similar number of INR tests compared to operated VHD patients without AF. This evidence concerns the gene TTR and atrial fibrillation.