Since antibodies to RNA- and DNA-containing autoantigens are characteristic features of SLE, TLR7 and TLR9 in particular, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE because TLR7 and TLR9 recognize ssRNA and CpG DNA, respectively, and initiate type I interferon (IFN) production [16]. The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.