CDKN2A and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: In contrast, analysis of the methylation status in genes that are associated with HPV− HNSCC has reported the following: (i) COL1A2 and VEGFR1 methylation is associated with reduced survival and a higher likelihood of relapse in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer; (ii) the methylation patterns of p16 and COL1A2 are independent prognostic factors of worse survival in laryngeal cancer, with p16 promoter methylation signifying a higher risk of recurrence; (iii) DAPK, TAC1, GALR1, NPY1R, SSTR1, and VEGFR3 hypermethylation is associated with poor survival in oral cancer [39].