TNF and endometriosis: On the next step of endometriosis, dysregulated immune cells synthesize profibrotic cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and TGF-ß1) that participate in remodeling of the endometrial ECM mediated by the modified activity of MMPs (up-regulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 transcription and downregulated MMP-13 transcription), decrease the activity of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) [40,41,42,43,44], and increase activity of hyaluronan synthases (HASs) [8,9].