NFE2L2 and cancer: A recent study by Kotla et al. showed that cancer treatment with IR or Doxorubicin (i) increased mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and (ii) caused mitochondrial stunning (the reversible mt dysfunction), (iii) which then activated the p90RSK/ERK5-S496 complex and decreased the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcriptional activity, and (iv) the reduced NRF2 transcriptional activity reduced the expression of antioxidant genes (HO1 and Trx1).