A multimodal treatment concept that targets different steps of the pathophysiologic cascade, such as using non-bacteriolytic but bactericidal antibiotics (e.g., rifampicin and daptomycin) to limit bacterial component release, decreasing neutrophil life-span to reduce leukocyte accumulation, blocking a central proinflammatory factor (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1), and maintaining BBB permeability (e.g., vascularization factors and MMPs), represents a promising approach in the successful bacterial meningitis treatment [142]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is bacterial meningitis.