CASP3 and cardiac hypertrophy: Yu et al. [15] demonstrated that ivabradine (10–80 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) increased the expression of caspase 3 (a pro-apoptotic marker) and decreased the expression of cleaved caspase 3 (active form) in transverse-aortic-constriction-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice (Table 6).