CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Currently, the CTLA-4 inhibitor ipilimumab; PD-1 inhibitors pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and cemiplimab; and PD-L1 inhibitors atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Hodgkin’s lymphoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma [1].