CD8A and cancer: In contrast, some genes were actually upregulated by LPS and LEC50 in PBMCs from PwD2, and these included IL-2 (IL-2 is known to also activate CD8 and B cells directly, without the activation of MHC-I molecules) [55], TLR9 (receptor for methylated DNA), CLEC6A (C-type lectin 6A), CDKN2B-AS1 (long non-coding RNA involved in cancer and other malignancies), CDC42-IT1 (cell cycle, Rho family of GTPases), HLA-J (MHC-I), and BCL2L14 (anti-apoptotic factor), as compared to non-diabetic controls.