Although significant statistic differences were found between the newborns with BPD and the controls with regard to gestational age, birth weight, mechanical ventilation, the duration of oxygen therapy, maternal preeclampsia, and chorioamnionitis, no differences were detected between genotypic and allelic levels regarding the VEGFR1 and VEGF molecular polymorphisms. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.