Interestingly, studies have shown an early increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines levels during the stages of lung development, as assessed by detecting pro-inflammatory cytokines in the tracheal aspirates of patients with BPD, whereas levels of IL-10 in both the serum and tracheal aspirates have been shown to be decreased in infants who developed BPD [36]. Here, IL10 is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.