It has recently been shown in preclinical murine melanoma and breast cancer models that a PEG-b-poly(L-alanine) hydrogel permitted encapsulation and release of tumor lysate cells with granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), anti-PD-1, and anti-CTLA-4 simultaneously in the tumor. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.