HSPB3 and bladder transitional cell carcinoma: Overall, given the extensive clinical heterogeneity of bladder malignancies and the fact that NMIBC and MIBC tumors display different mechanisms of pathogenesis [51], our novel finding of the biphasic impact of HSPB2 and to a lesser extent HSPB3 genes expression levels in early vs. advanced carcinogenesis, adds further knowledge towards the more accurate stratification of the different BlCa stages.