PENK and epilepsy: The expression of genes involved in epilepsy mechanisms related to the activation of neurons and neurotransmission was studied, including c-fos, bdnf, htr1aa, htr1b, htr2b, gabarapa, gabarapb, galn, th1, penka, penkb. There were no significant differences in the expression of most of the studied genes; only the expression of c-fos (a marker of neuronal activity), bdnf, galn, and penka was significantly altered.