The additional Mann–Whitney U test also showed statistically significantly lower expression of TGF-ß1, SMAD3 and ILK in ectopic lesions compared to matched eutopic endometrium in women with endometriosis (p = 0.023471, p = 0.026057 and p = 0.006639; respectively). The gene discussed is SMAD3; the disease is endometriosis.