Mechanisms underlying the relation between viral hepatitis and insulin function might involve ubiquitination and downregulation of insulin receptor substrate protein 1 and 2, which are required for insulin signaling and affected in insulin resistance, through upregulation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 or 7, activating the mammalian target of rapamycin, or downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [56] (Figure 3). This evidence concerns the gene INS and animal viral hepatitis.