The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), and the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) all recommend screening for HCC with abdominal ultrasound (with or without alpha fetoprotein (AFP)) in appropriately selected patients: those with cirrhosis of any etiology, and in certain sub-groups with chronic hepatitis B [5,6,7]. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.