CALD1 and cancer: This expression pattern suggests that the role of l-CaD in a cancer cell is more important at the premetastatic phase and might be involved in the preparation and establishment of the premetastatic niche, facilitated by complex reciprocal signaling pathways among tumor cells from primary sites, immune and myeloid cells from bone marrow, and many types of stromal cells at the premetastatic niche [37].