SOD1 and gestational diabetes: Even though the antioxidant response in the placenta has been evaluated, as reviewed by Turek et al., there is no consensus: some authors reported a decreased CAT activity in placentae of GDM patients who delivered through Cesarian section [37], whereas others revealed an increased CAT mRNA expression [18], but normal protein levels of CAT and SOD-1 were found in GDM placentae from Cesarean section compared with those from normal pregnancies after Cesarean section [38].