Administration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC)-derived exosomes was protective against DSS-induced colitis because miR-378a-5p delivered by EVs suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and the resulting cleavage of caspase-1 in vitro, resulting in decreased IL-1β and IL-18 maturation [136]. Here, NLRP3 is linked to colitis.