ITPR1 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: IP3R also shows changes with the development of DMD and we will look at this in more detail in Section 4.3 concerning mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM contacts) enriched with IP3R. A number of reports (summarized in [153]) also note changes (or lack thereof) in the various SR luminal resident proteins buffering Ca2+ concentrations and regulating SR Ca2+ uptake and release, and also contributing to the development of calcium dysregulation both in the SR and in the muscle cell as a whole.