LIG3 and neural tube defect: Meanwhile, a case–control study on the polymorphisms of BER gene LIG3 in 108 NTD pregnant women and 233 normal healthy pregnant women found that the TT genotype of rs1052536 in LIG3 increased the risk of anencephaly (OR = 2.69, 95% CI, 1.18–6.10) and T allele carriers had significantly increased risk of cranial NTDs (OR = 1.56, 95% CI, 1.04–2.35) [100].