It was also found that the expression levels of tnf-α, tnfaip2, tnfaip3, ifnar, ifnar2, sigirr, csf3r and csf2rb in the M. amblycephala intestines were significantly increased in the dietary MOS groups at 4 hpi, while that of these genes were not significantly induced in the control group post-infection. Here, TNFAIP2 is linked to infection.