By promoting Fas activation, CHOP contributes to macrophage apoptosis caused by ER stress [34], and unlike general ‘non-inflammatory apoptosis’, the reaction of macrophages stimulated and activated by infections such as endotoxins is called ‘proinflammatory pyroptosis’, which is processed via the greater activation of p38 MAPK [35]. This evidence concerns the gene DDIT3 and infection.