CYCS and Parkinson disease: In 2014, Kim et al. reported that Moutan Cortex relieved Parkinson’s disease-like motor symptoms caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease via the inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction, including cytochrome C release and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis [25].