The formation and processing of 8-oxodG within promoters and 5′ untranslated regions via BER has been demonstrated to modulate transcriptional activity of genes (PCNA, KRAS, MYC, and VEGF) and transcription factors (NF-kB), involved in cell proliferation and cancer initiation or progression [91], suggesting a role for BER intermediates in the development of various tumors. The gene discussed is KRAS; the disease is cancer.