CCND1 and colitis: Similarly, genes involved in proliferation and differentiation (e.g., Cyclin D1, p21), pro-apoptosis (e.g., Bax, Bak, caspase-3), and inflammation (e.g., iNOS, IL-6); previously shown to be regulated by VitD [58], were altered in HF-fed mice with colitis/CAC.