Sleep deprivation in mice can resemble chronic stress, causing memory impairment and anxiety, with high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and oxidative stress, as determined by the evaluation of the superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malonyl dialdehyde levels. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and memory impairment.