PARP1 and diabetes mellitus: Firstly, the relevant disease or test involved in epigenetics, including (#3 hepatitis c virus, #4 nafld, #5 ferroptosis, #8 diabetes mellitus, # 10 next generation sequencer, #14 atherosclerosis), followed by the function targets clustered as (#1 lncRNA, #2 mitomiR, #6 RNA methylation, #7 DNA methylation, #12 histone modifications), and finally the epigenetic mechanism such as (#9 citrate, # 11 estradiol, #13 poly (adp-ribose) polymerase 1, #15 pcsk9).