Additionally, based on deep sequencing of 203 ATLL samples, Nagata Y et al. have shown that ~15% of cases also harbor recurrent RHOA mutations in the GTP binding domain with different or even opposite functional consequences in terms of RHOA activity, suggesting that both loss- and gain-of-function mutations might be involved in leukemogenesis [14]. Here, RHOA is linked to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.