These sex-related morpho-functional differences may have functional consequences: it is tempting to speculate that the increased neuroprotective ability of female microglia could contribute to the 1.5–2-fold reduced risk of developing idiopathic PD observed in female individuals, a sex bias which appears to be reduced in GBA1-PD patients (Figure 7) [64,65,66,67,68]. The gene discussed is GBA1; the disease is Parkinson disease.