286 proteins with functions involving transport, signaling and cellular adhesions were identified and quantified.STZ- induced rats: calnexin and regucalcin: not detectedHumans: calnexin and regucalcin not detectedHumans: miR-155 and miR-424 were significantly lower in MIA compared to NA DN patients, whereas miR-130a, miR-145 and miR-145 MIA were significantly higher (p < 0.05)Animals: urinary exosomes were significantly more present in DM patients compared to healthy control rats (p < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene CANX and diabetes mellitus.