HBE1 and infection: The HBV biomarkers, such as the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis core antigen (anti-HBc), hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HB), and hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe), have been used for the detection the natural infection and infection phases of HBV.