In that study, Vaquero et al. found that S100B was increased in subjects with (i) stage 1–2 HE who did not progress, (ii) stage 1–2 HE who progressed to a severe encephalopathy, (iii) stage 3–4 HE who survived and (iv) stage 3–4 HE who died or required transplantation [31]. The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is Encephalopathy.