Especially, Toney et al. investigated that individual neuromarkers derived from specialized cell types within the brain, such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE) present in neurons, S100B present in astrocytes, and myelin basic protein (MBP) in oligodendrocytes, would be associated with the development of HE in pediatric acute liver failure [16]. The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is acute liver failure.