Since (i) ILC3s have been shown in vitro to respond to melanoma cells by producing TNFα [23], (ii) melanoma cells express NCR ligands [63] and (iii) TNFα is able to stimulate adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells [64], ILC3s might likely sense melanoma cells through NCRs and also secrete TNFα in response in vivo, which in turn would promote endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment. Here, TNF is linked to melanoma.