In a recent systematic review including 261,689 patients, combo-therapy (IRR = 3.71 per 1000 patients-year; p ≤ 0.01) and monotherapy (IRR = 1.52 per 1000 patients-year; p = 0.023) were also associated with an increased risk of lymphoma compared with no exposure to anti-TNFs or TPs [49] On the contrary, other studies did not find an increased risk of lymphoma in patients treated with anti-TNF monotherapy [83,84]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and lymphoma.