In the ORAL surveillance study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tofacitinib, compared with those receiving anti-TNFs, there was an increased risk of malignancies in a 5.5-year follow-up (6.1% for tofacitinib vs. 3.8% for anti-TNF, with an HR for adjudicated cancers—excluding NMSC—of 1.48; 95% CI 1.04–2.09). Here, TNF is linked to cancer.