TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma: [14] TGF-β is a cytokine secreted by CRC cells and as it occurs with VEGF acts as a promoter of the tumorigenesis through multiple mechanisms, including promoting angiogenesis and immune evasion within the TME through direct and indirect actions on T cells, dendritic cells, and/or through regulating certain cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins.