Phase I and II clinical trials are currently underway for the following therapeutic vaccines targeting non-viral antigens in HNSCC: p53 (NCT00404339), suvivin-2B (UMIN000000976), HLA-B7/β2 (NCT00050388), LY6K, Telomerase (NCT03946358), Ras (NCT00019331), MUC1 (NCT02544880), Arginase-1 (NCT03689192), WT1 (NCT03311334), and IDO (NCT04445064). The gene discussed is MUC1; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.