CA12 and neoplasm: Furthermore, CAXII (carbonic anhydrase XII) inhibitor is also considered as a potential sensitizer which has been reported to reduce the immunosuppressive stress mediated by hypoxic/acidic metabolism, to modulate the expression of CCL8, and to affect the functions of monocytes and macrophages, thereby improving anti-tumor immunity and enhancing the therapeutic effect of PD-1 inhibitors in solid cancer [168,169,170,171,172].