Following the IORT treatment of PDAC (10 Gy at a depth of 5 mm into the tumor bed), elevated levels of several key cytokines were observed in the peritoneal fluids compared to patients who underwent surgery alone, such as TGF-β, INF-γ, IL-15, and PDGF-BB (associated with the PI3K/SMAD pathway). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.