TNF and breast carcinoma: Recently, Geng et al. reported that a combination of a pectoral nerve block and stellate ganglion block effectively blunted perioperative inflammatory responses with a decreased level of serum TNF-α, alleviated acute postoperative pain, stabilized perioperative hemodynamics, and provided better postoperative sleep quality than a pectoral nerve block alone in breast cancer patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy [191].