The scarce evidence from the available data suggests that patients maintained on VA-based anesthesia or propofol-based TIVA during cancer surgery have no clear significance in the TNF-α release and patient outcomes, but adjunctive agents including ketamine, DEX, systemic lidocaine, and opioids appear to have a beneficial effect on the release of TNF-α and may have a tendency towards the suppression of carcinogenesis. Here, TNF is linked to cancer.