TNF and lung carcinoma: However, Jin et al. reported that, compared with propofol-based TIVA, sevoflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery under OLV exacerbated the injury to pulmonary function during the perioperative period via the increased release of serum TNF-α, aggravated lung edema, and inhibited hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction [45].