CD28 and melanoma: To investigate whether anti-HER2 CAR-expressing TILs, hereafter called CAR-TILs, are capable of recognizing melanoma cells, we used TILs from human patients with melanoma and transfected these cells with an mRNA encoding a HER2 CAR consisting of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) to detect HER2 fused with the signaling domains of CD3 epsilon and the CD28 co-stimulatory molecule [40].