Previous work has shown that the IFN-induced genes that are upregulated in SLE fall into 3 groups, a group that is readily induced by IFN-α, a group that requires a stronger stimulus for induction, such as IFN-β, and a group that is proposed to also require IFN-γ for optimal induction [27, 28]. Here, IFNA1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.