Recently, serum levels of Galectin-9 and CXCL-10 were found to be elevated in patients with SLE or the antiphospholipid syndrome and were shown to strongly correlate with IFN-induced gene expression in the peripheral blood [15], suggesting that measurement of these cytokines can be used as surrogate markers for IFN-induced gene expression. Here, IFNA1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.