TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma: The elevated secretion of TGF-beta 1 by shCt/TGF-beta 1 cancer cells (CRC-shCt/T) robustly enhanced tumor initiation compared to control (CRC-shCt) and to CRC-shIL11RA cells (Fig. 4k; dashed red, dashed blue and red lines).