The other etiologies cohort included patients with chronic HBV (27%, n = 41), chronic HCV (36%, n = 54), concurrent chronic hepatitis B and C (4%, n = 6), alcoholic-related cirrhosis (29%, n = 43), hemochromatosis (3.3%, n = 5), and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (0.67%, n = 1). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and chronic hepatitis B virus infection.