BRAF and glioma: Drosophila Raf (dRaf) is the only ortholog of human BRAF. Overexpression of a truncated form of dRaf (dRafGOF) in glial cells of the larval brains led to glioma phenotypes such as enlarged brain sizes, over-proliferation of glial cells, seizure-like behavior in adult animals, and shortened lifespans [37, 38].