In response to high glucose, pro-inflammatory factor stimulation and oxidative stress, activated p38-MAPK targets and acts on TGF-β1, promoting the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and increasing the expression of fibronectin, collagen I and IV (Col-I/IV) [45], thereby playing a role in renal fibrosis. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.