TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: In a pulmonary fibrosis model, Kurundkar et al. showed that CCN1 was upregulated in the lung tissue of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and it activated the TGF‐β1/Smad3 signalling pathway, CCN1 was expressed in response to the increase in the expression of profibrotic genes induced by the lung injury, resulting in pulmonary fibrosis.34, 35