In vitro models of CRC the transcription factor ATF4 is upregulated and controls the miR-145-5p/HDAC4/p53 axis by inhibiting the expression of miR-145-5p, thus enhancing tumorigenesis, autophagy, and chemoresistance to 5-FU (Zhao L et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene ATF4 and colorectal carcinoma.