It is noteworthy that a RNAi-based AF control system simultaneously silencing aflR, aflR, aflC, aflep (coding for AF efflux pump) and pes1 (encoding a non-ribosomal peptide synthase with hypothesized function in cyclopiazonic acid biosynthesis) was also constructed and tested in peanut using both transgenic and non-transgenic delivery tools (Arias et al., 2015; Power et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene PES1 and atrial fibrillation.